CNC Machining Materials and Corresponding Processes
1. Metallic Materials for CNC Precision Machining and Their Applications
Comprehensive comparison of DT CNC materials (including Алюминий, Нержавеющая сталь, Латунь, Steel, и Титановый сплав), specifications, accuracy, and application areas across different manufacturing processes
| Process | 5-Ось ЧПУ |
| Equipment Designation | 5-Axis Machining Center |
| Common Materials |
|
| Технические характеристики | Various sizes of plates, round bars |
| Общая постобработка | Spray painting, powder coating, пассивация, oxidation, почернение, electrophoretic coating, шелкография, лазерная гравировка, полировка |
| Диапазон допуска | ±0.01mm and higher precision requirements |
| Преимущества | Multi-surface structures can be formed in one setup, high precision |
| Disadvantages | Limited workpiece size, slower processing speed, light cutting only |
| Primary Applications | Prototyping, автомобильный, медицинский, consumer electronics, игрушки, механическое оборудование, аэрокосмический |
| Max. Workpiece Dimensions | 4000×400×150mm |
| Process | 3-Ось ЧПУ |
| Equipment Designation | CNC Machining Center |
| Common Materials |
|
| Технические характеристики | Various sizes of plates, round bars |
| Общая постобработка | Spray painting, powder coating, пассивация, oxidation, почернение, electrophoretic coating, шелкография, лазерная гравировка, полировка |
| Диапазон допуска | ±0.01mm and higher precision requirements |
| Преимущества | Fast efficiency, capable of heavy cutting, simple operation, high precision, excellent surface finish |
| Disadvantages | – |
| Primary Applications | Prototyping, автомобильный, медицинский, consumer electronics, игрушки, механическое оборудование, аэрокосмический |
| Max. Workpiece Dimensions | 1500×800×300mm |
| Process | Lathe |
| Equipment Designation | CNC Lathe |
| Common Materials |
|
| Технические характеристики | Various sizes of plates, round bars |
| Общая постобработка | Spray painting, powder coating, пассивация, oxidation, почернение, electrophoretic coating, шелкография, лазерная гравировка, полировка |
| Диапазон допуска | ±0.01mm and higher precision requirements |
| Преимущества | Высокая точность, excellent surface finish, high efficiency |
| Disadvantages | – |
| Primary Applications | Prototyping, автомобильный, медицинский, consumer electronics, игрушки, механическое оборудование, аэрокосмический |
| Max. Workpiece Dimensions | Ø500mm |
| Process | Sheet Metal |
| Equipment Designation | Изготовление листового металла |
| Common Materials |
|
| Технические характеристики | Various sizes of metal sheets |
| Общая постобработка | Spray painting, powder coating, пассивация, oxidation, почернение, electrophoretic coating, шелкография, лазерная гравировка, полировка |
| Диапазон допуска | ±0.1mm and higher precision requirements |
| Преимущества | Simple process |
| Disadvantages | Lower precision |
| Primary Applications | Prototyping, автомобильный, медицинский, consumer electronics, игрушки, механическое оборудование, аэрокосмический |
| Max. Workpiece Dimensions | 1500×1000mm |
| Common Materials | Process | Технические характеристики | Общая постобработка | Диапазон допуска | Преимущества | Disadvantages | Primary Applications | Max. Workpiece Dimensions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-Ось ЧПУ | Various sizes of plates, round bars | Spray painting, powder coating, пассивация, oxidation, почернение, electrophoretic coating, шелкография, лазерная гравировка, полировка | ±0.01mm and higher precision requirements | Multi-surface structures can be formed in one setup, high precision | Limited workpiece size, slower processing speed, light cutting only | Prototyping, автомобильный, медицинский, consumer electronics, игрушки, механическое оборудование, аэрокосмический | 4000×400×150mm |
| 3-Ось ЧПУ | Fast efficiency, capable of heavy cutting, simple operation, high precision, excellent surface finish | – | 1500×800×300mm | |||||
| Lathe | Высокая точность, excellent surface finish, high efficiency | – | Ø500mm | |||||
| Sheet Metal | Various sizes of metal sheets | ±0.1mm and higher precision requirements | Simple process | Lower precision | 1500×1000mm |
2. Plastic Materials for CNC Precision Machining and Their Applications
| Material | Description / Key Properties | Application Scenarios | Typical Use Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| АБС | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymer. Offers good rigidity, toughness, and vibration damping. Экономичный, but has limited temperature resistance and UV stability. | Electronic enclosures, household appliances, automotive components, prototyping | Robot housing prototypes, door hinge prototypes, consumer electronics housings |
| Акрил (PMMA) | Polymethyl methacrylate. High transparency and good weatherability. Prone to scratching and relatively brittle. | Optical lenses, display stands, light fixtures, medical devices | Automotive light covers, advertising light boxes, surgical instrument housings, translucent decorative panels |
| Делрин (ПОМ) | Polyoxymethylene. High strength, low friction, excellent wear resistance, and dimensional stability. Poor resistance to strong acids. | Gears, bearings, automotive parts, electronic components | Door lock systems, fuel system components, industrial gears, medical inhalers |
| Нейлон (Пенсильвания) | Polyamide. Good wear resistance, high toughness, and chemical resistance. Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture). | Mechanical parts, gaskets, automotive components, industrial gears | Valve cover caps, трансмиссионные шестерни, wear-resistant spacers |
| ПП | Polypropylene. Excellent chemical resistance, high fatigue strength, and lightweight. Low rigidity. | Chemical containers, furniture, automotive interiors, medical devices | Automotive components (например, Ford cases), food containers, medical trays |
| HDPEK | High-Density Polyethylene. Impact-resistant, moisture-resistant, easy to process. Low stiffness. | Pipes, storage containers, outdoor furniture, игрушки | Conveyor system guides, chemical storage tanks, marine buoys |
| ЧП | Polyethylene (includes HDPE and LDPE). Good chemical resistance and electrical insulation. Low strength. | Packaging, insulating parts, low-load structural components | Packaging containers, insulating housings, simple structural parts |
| ПК | Polycarbonate. High impact resistance, transparency, and heat resistance. Susceptible to stress cracking. | Automotive light covers, electronic screens, safety shields, optical components | Headlamp lenses, bullet-resistant glass, electronic device housings |
| ПЭИ (ОКОНЧАТЕЛЬНЫЙ) | Polyetherimide. High temperature resistance, high strength, flame retardant. Более высокая стоимость. | Аэрокосмическая промышленность, medical sterilization equipment, electronic insulation components | High-temperature gears, aerospace components, medical tool housings |
| ПЭК | Polyether Ether Ketone. Excellent high-temperature performance, wear resistance, and chemical inertness. Challenging to machine. | Аэрокосмическая промышленность, медицинские имплантаты, high-performance mechanical parts | Sensor mounting blocks, compressor valve plates, artificial joints |
| ПОМ | Polyoxymethylene (similar to Delrin). Low friction and high rigidity. Often used for precision components. | Precision gears, bearings, automotive accessories | Industrial gears, sliding elements, mechanical components |
Note: The information above is for your reference. Material selection should be further evaluated according to specific engineering requirements (например, load, environment, расходы).